Bacterial infections are a glitch.
The marvel that is the human immune system keeps us safe from billions of microscopic organisms every day. Skin may not look like much more than a soft and fragile surface, but intact and healthy, it represents an impenetrable wall, equipped with security sensors, armed guards, and decked out in a variety of traps, snares and proximity mines for good measure.
Innate immunity is formidable: The result of an evolutionary arms race with pathogens that has spanned several hundred million years. The human immune system is really a combination of two overlapping systems: innate and adaptive immunities. While both are important, the ancient innate immune response is comprised of nonspecific defense mechanisms that form the first response to pathogens. Adaptive immunity is much more specific; it learns to specifically target pathogens we have already encountered and, therefore, are likely to encounter again.
Bacterial pathogens only stand a chance when things go wrong. And any medical procedure presents an opportunity for things to go wrong.
A breach in the skin—from a cut, for instance—creates the possibility for surrounding pathogens to enter the body. This is why, given the option, surgical procedures, like implanting a medical device, aren’t just performed anywhere. If cleanliness is next to godliness then the operating room is a holy temple. If bacteria get through that first line of defense, they can cause tissue or organ specific infections or even systemic infections with fatal outcomes.
Implanted medical devices are a double-edged sword, then. On one hand, they are a modern miracle of biomedical engineering; providing a synthetic solution where nature has failed. On the other hand, they represent a literal chink in the armor.
For reasons that aren’t yet completely understood, opportunistic pathogens are highly attracted to these implanted medical devices. Once discovered, the bacterial invaders quickly go to work colonizing the implant until a mature community, or biofilm, is established.
If the bacteria are allowed to establish a biofilm, it has successfully beaten the immune response. About the only option left is to relinquish the territory and hopefully contain the bacteria to that one location in the body. And because antibiotics are impotent against bacterial biofilms, the only effective solution is total removal of the implanted device along with any infected surrounding bone and muscle tissue. If that doesn’t sound bad enough, the patient is also at a significantly increased risk for recurrent infection on any new device.
But if a medical device could be imbued with its own innate immunity, then the implant would be more like human skin. The implant could prevent bacterial attachment and inhibit biofilm formation.
Researchers have long been focused on discovering ways to prevent bacterial biofilm formation on medical devices by modifying the material surface properties. But what if the best solution is simply to think of the implant surface as an extension of the natural surfaces in our body? The first line of defense for these natural surfaces isn’t special patterning or unique physical properties, but innate immunity.
Guangshun Wang, PhD, at UNMC, has designed antimicrobial peptides to coat the surface of metallic orthopedic implants, and specifically target MRSA. Not only do these proteins prevent MRSA biofilm formation, but they also recruit host immune cells to help clear any opportunistic bacteria.
The preliminary data looks promising, with impressive effectiveness against MRSA biofilms. Dr. Wang is now seeking corporate partners to sponsor additional proof-of-concept research specifically focused on coating orthopedic implants. The hope is that by adding these peptides to the implant’s surface, Dr. Wang’s technology will effectively imbue the medical device with its own first line of defense.
Kansas City, Missouri (Jan. 25, 2018)—Nebraska entrepreneurs were the toast of the show at a regional entrepreneurial awards ceremony last week, receiving recognition for entrepreneurial leadership, best pitch, growth and the Innovator of the Year.
Launched in late 2016, 
The addition of licensing associate Catherine Murari-Kanti, PhD, provided an unmistakable boost to UNeMed.com traffic. Some of the year’s most popular posts revolved around her, beginning with the announcement of her 
OMAHA, Neb. (December 15, 2017)—Virtual Incision Corporation, a startup company born from a collaborative research project at the University of Nebraska, completed an $18 million round of fund-raising, officials announced Tuesday.
OMAHA, Neb. (December 11, 2017)—William Payne, a doctoral student of pharmaceutical sciences at UNMC, was recently selected as the University of Nebraska’s top choice to present his business plan at the largest entrepreneurial conference in the region next month.
For example, if you are an investigator or researcher, you may want to share a new research discovery with a friend who works in the industry. You think that industry input is important in pivoting your research in the right direction. But, if you share your research without first having a CDA in place, you jeopardize your research and its commercialization potential. Filing a CDA protects your work and allows you to share unpublished information with academic collaborators or commercial partners.
Woo-Yang Kim, PhD, associate professor, developmental neuroscience, led a team of researchers from UNMC and Creighton University into a deeper exploration of a genetic mutation that reduces the function of certain neurons in the brain.
